Theoretical models for single-molecule DNA and RNA experiments: from elasticity to unzipping

نویسندگان

  • S. Cocco
  • J. F. Marko
  • R. Monasson
چکیده

We review statistical-mechanical theories of single-molecule micromanipulation experiments on nucleic acids. Firstly, models for describing polymer elasticity are introduced. We then review how these models are used to interpret single-molecule force-extension experiments on single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. Depending on the force and the molecules used, both smooth elastic behavior and abrupt structural transitions are observed. Thirdly, we show how combining the elasticity of two single nucleic acid strands with a description of the base-pairing interactions between them explains much of the phenomenology and kinetics of RNA and DNA ‘unzipping’ experiments. To cite this article: S. Cocco et al., C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 569–584.  2002 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS micromanipulation / polymer elasticity / DNA / RNAs Modélisation théorique des expériences de molécules uniques sur l’ADN et l’ARN : de l’élasticité au dégraffage des bases Résumé Les travaux théoriques portant sur les expériences sur molécules uniques sont ici passés en revue. Tout d’abord, nous introduisons les modèles simples de polymères élastiques. Ensuite, nous expliquons comment ces modèles peuvent être utilisés pour interpréter les mesures de force-extension effectuées sur une molécule unique d’ADN (simple brin ou double brin), mesures qui mettent en évidence tantôt le caractère élastique de cette molécule, tantôt des transitions structurelles brutales. Dans une troisième partie, nous montrons qu’en associant les propriétes élastiques des brins d’acides nucléiques à une description de leurs interactions d’appariement, l’essentiel de la phénomènologie et de la cinétique de dégraffage de l’ARN et l’ADN peut être expliqué. Pour citer cet article : S. Cocco et al., C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 569–584.  2002 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS micromanipulation / élasticité des polymères / ADN / ARNs ∗ Correspondence reprints. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Cocco).  2002 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits réservés S1631-0705(02)01345-2 /FLA 569 S. Cocco et al. / C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 569–584

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تاریخ انتشار 2002